PMC

Visual comparison of the building roof segmentation results in different urban environment: for each row, images from left to right are true color composite GF2 PMS imagery (512 Pixel × 512 Pixel), manual delineation of building roof, DCNN segmentation results and CRF-refined building roof segmentation, respectively; for the images with segmentation results, green mask is True Positive (TP, building roof pixel was correctly classified), blue mask is False Negative (FN, building roof pixel was classified as non-building roof) and red mask is False Positive (FP, non-building roof pixel was classified as building roof).

(A) Overview of the excavated building. (B) Burned roof elements inside the building with position of sample for thin section production. (C) Detail of (B) showing the three elements of the burned roof: burned beams, white phytolith ash layer and reddened daub layer. (D) Architectural elements within and under the burned roof: F: Floor, P: Posthole, I: Flint tools. B: wooden roof elements. (E) Detail of burned beams from the wooden structure of the roof. (F) Stereographic projection of trend and plunge for all recorded burned beams and rose diagrams showing dip and trend for recorded burned beams.

Heat flux through the green roof shown in . The heat flux is being measure by a “Hukseflux” soil heat flux plate []. Negative heat flow is towards to the atmosphere and positive is downward towards the building roof layers. By far, more heat is being lost to the atmosphere annually, which is due to a combination of building heat flow upwards and through the roof layers and any incident radiation energy that has not been transported downward through the building insulation layers.

Layout of pressure taps on gable roof building models.